1. narrative poetry: is a form of poetry that tells a story, often making use of the voices of a narrator and characters as well

2. Fiction is content, primarily a narrative, that is derived from imagination, in addition to, or rather than, from history or fact. 

3. A rose for Emily: is a short story by American author William Faulkner

4. Gothic fiction(歌德小說)which is largely dominated by the subgenre of Gothic horror, is a genre or mode of literature that combines fiction, horror and Romanticism.

5. W. H. Auden

Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone,
Prevent the dog from barking with a juicy bone,
Silence the pianos and with muffled drum
Bring out the coffin, let the mourners come.

Let aeroplanes circle moaning overhead
Scribbling on the sky the message He Is Dead,
Put crepe bows round the white necks of the public doves,
Let the traffic policemen wear black cotton gloves.

He was my North, my South, my East and West,
My working week and my Sunday rest,
My noon, my midnight, my talk, my song;
I thought that love would last for ever: I was wrong.

The stars are not wanted now: put out every one;
Pack up the moon and dismantle the sun;
Pour away the ocean and sweep up the wood.
For nothing now can ever come to any good.

6. Eight periods of literature

Classical period (base on reason)

          ↓

The Medieval period (base on faith, 封建 教會與耶和華)

          ↓

The Renaissance 文藝復興

          ↓

Neoclassical period

          ↓

Romantic period

          ↓

Victorian period

          ↓

Modernism (rebuilt the order within the artistic innovation)

          ↓

Postmodernism

7. Leda and the Swan is a story and subject in art from Greek mythology in which the god Zeus, in the form of a swan, seduces or rapes Leda. Leda bore Helen and Polydeuces, children of Zeus, while at the same time bearing Castor and Clytemnestra, children of her husband Tyndareus, the King of Sparta.

8. Dionysus is the god of the grape harvest, winemaking and wine, of ritual madness, fertility, theatre and religious ecstasy in Greek mythology. Alcohol, especially wine, played an important role in Greek culture with Dionysus being an important reason for this life style.

9. A doubting Thomas is a skeptic who refuses to believe without direct personal experience—a reference to the Apostle Thomas, who refused to believe that the resurrected Jesus had appeared to the ten other apostles, until he could see and feel the wounds received by Jesus on the cross.

10. A choir(also known as a chorale or chorus) is a musical ensemble of singers. Choral music, in turn, is the music written specifically for such an ensemble to perform.

11. An orchestra is a large instrumental ensemble that contains sections of string,brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments.

Musical instrument Anne Vallayer-Coster , Attributes of Music, 1770. Thisstill life painting depicts a variety of French Baroque musical instruments, such as a natural horn , ...

.

1. O Tell Me the Truth About Love (by W.H. Auden)

Some say love's a little boy, 
And some say it's a bird, 
Some say it makes the world go round,
Some say that's absurd, 
And when I asked the man next door, 
Who looked as if he knew, 
His wife got very cross indeed, 
And said it wouldn't do.

Does it look like a pair of pyjamas, 
Or the ham in a temperance hotel? 
Does its odour remind one of llamas, 
Or has it a comforting smell? 
Is it prickly to touch as a hedge is, 
Or soft as eiderdown fluff? 
Is it sharp or quite smooth at the edges? 
O tell me the truth about love.

Our history books refer to it 
In cryptic little notes, 
It's quite a common topic on
The Transatlantic boats; 
I've found the subject mentioned in
Accounts of suicides, 
And even seen it scribbled on
The backs of railway guides.

Does it howl like a hungry Alsatian, 
Or boom like a military band? 
Could one give a first-rate imitation
On a saw or a Steinway Grand? 
Is its singing at parties a riot? 
Does it only like Classical stuff? 
Will it stop when one wants to be quiet? 
O tell me the truth about love.

I looked inside the summer-house; 
It wasn't even there; 
I tried the Thames at Maidenhead, 
And Brighton's bracing air. 
I don't know what the blackbird sang, 
Or what the tulip said; 
But it wasn't in the chicken-run, 
Or underneath the bed.

Can it pull extraordinary faces? 
Is it usually sick on a swing? 
Does it spend all its time at the races, 
or fiddling with pieces of string? 
Has it views of its own about money? 
Does it think Patriotism enough? 
Are its stories vulgar but funny? 
O tell me the truth about love.

When it comes, will it come without warning
Just as I'm picking my nose? 
Will it knock on my door in the morning, 
Or tread in the bus on my toes? 
Will it come like a change in the weather? 
Will its greeting be courteous or rough? 
Will it alter my life altogether? 
O tell me the truth about love. 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g3O2H3bV1eo

2. Funeral Blues (by W.H. Auden)

Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone,
Prevent the dog from barking with a juicy bone,
Silence the pianos and with muffled drum
Bring out the coffin, let the mourners come.

Let aeroplanes circle moaning overhead
Scribbling on the sky the message 'He is Dead'.
Put crepe bows round the white necks of the public doves,
Let the traffic policemen wear black cotton gloves.

He was my North, my South, my East and West,
My working week and my Sunday rest,
My noon, my midnight, my talk, my song;
I thought that love would last forever: I was wrong.

The stars are not wanted now; put out every one,
Pack up the moon and dismantle the sun,
Pour away the ocean and sweep up the wood;
For nothing now can ever come to any good.

 

3. Dover Beach (by Matthew Arnold)

The sea is calm tonight.

The tide is full, the moon lies fair

Upon the straits; on the French coast the light

Gleams and is gone; the cliffs of England stand,

Glimmering and vast, out in the tranquil bay.

Come to the window, sweet is the night-air!

Only, from the long line of spray

Where the sea meets the moon-blanched land,

Listen! you hear the grating roar

Of pebbles which the waves draw back, and fling,

At their return, up the high strand,

Begin, and cease, and then again begin,

With tremulous cadence slow, and bring

The eternal note of sadness in.

Sophocles long ago

Heard it on the Ægean, and it brought

Into his mind the turbid ebb and flow

Of human misery; we

Find also in the sound a thought,

Hearing it by this distant northern sea.

The Sea of Faith

Was once, too, at the full, and round earth’s shore

Lay like the folds of a bright girdle furled.

But now I only hear

Its melancholy, long, withdrawing roar,

Retreating, to the breath

Of the night-wind, down the vast edges drear

And naked shingles of the world.

Ah, love, let us be true

To one another! for the world, which seems

To lie before us like a land of dreams,

So various, so beautiful, so new,

Hath really neither joy, nor love, nor light,

Nor certitude, nor peace, nor help for pain;

And we are here as on a darkling plain

Swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight,

Where ignorant armies clash by night.

 

4. Sophocles is one of three ancient Greek tragedians whose plays have survived(ex. Ajax, Antigone, The Women of Trachis, Oedipus the King, Electra, Philoctetes, and Oedipus at Colonus.

5. To His Coy Mistress (by Andrew Marvell)

Had we but world enough and time,

This coyness, lady, were no crime.

We would sit down, and think which way

To walk, and pass our long love’s day.

Thou by the Indian Ganges’ side

Shouldst rubies find; I by the tide

Of Humber would complain. I would

Love you ten years before the flood,

And you should, if you please, refuse

Till the conversion of the Jews.

My vegetable love should grow

Vaster than empires and more slow;

An hundred years should go to praise

Thine eyes, and on thy forehead gaze;

Two hundred to adore each breast,

But thirty thousand to the rest;

An age at least to every part,

And the last age should show your heart.

For, lady, you deserve this state,

Nor would I love at lower rate.

       But at my back I always hear

Time’s wingèd chariot hurrying near;

And yonder all before us lie

Deserts of vast eternity.

Thy beauty shall no more be found;

Nor, in thy marble vault, shall sound

My echoing song; then worms shall try

That long-preserved virginity,

And your quaint honour turn to dust,

And into ashes all my lust;

The grave’s a fine and private place,

But none, I think, do there embrace.

       Now therefore, while the youthful hue

Sits on thy skin like morning dew,

And while thy willing soul transpires

At every pore with instant fires,

Now let us sport us while we may,

And now, like amorous birds of prey,

Rather at once our time devour

Than languish in his slow-chapped power.

Let us roll all our strength and all

Our sweetness up into one ball,

And tear our pleasures with rough strife

Through the iron gates of life:

Thus, though we cannot make our sun

Stand still, yet we will make him run.

 

6. The phrase nature and nurture relates to the relative importance of an individual's innate qualities ("nature" in the sense of nativism or innatism) as compared to an individual's personal experiences ("nurture" in the sense of empiricism or behaviorism) in causing individual differences, especially in behavioral traits. 

 

7. bibliography: a list of writings with time and place of publication (such as the writings of a single author or the works referred to in preparing a document etc.)

    e.g. The production of this bibliography is totally automated. 

 

8. mock: treat with contempt, imitate with mockery and derision

    e.g. I have a pet monkey which attempts to mock all my actions.

 

9. hyperbole: extravagant exaggeration

    e.g. The figurative use of a word or an expression,as metaphor or hyperbole.

1. I think therefore I am我思故我在(法語:Je pense, donc je suis)

    Rene Discartes was a French philosopher, mathematician and scientist.

2. "To be, or not to be..." is the opening phrase  of a soliloquy in the "Nunnery Scene" of William Shakespeare's play Hamlet.

    The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, often shortened to Hamlet, is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare.

3. Narrative poetry is a form of poetry that tells a story, often making use of the voices of a narrator and characters as well. Narrative poems include epics, ballads, idylls, and lays.

    ex. "Richard Cory" by Edward Arlington Robison.

BY EDWIN ARLINGTON ROBINSON

4. Lyric poetry is a form of poetry which expresses personal emotions or feelings, typically spoken in the first person. The term owes its importance in literary theory to the division developed by Aristotle between three broad categories of poetry: lyrical, dramatic and epic.

ex. I wandered lonely as a cloud

I WANDERED lonely as a cloud That floats on high o'er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the milky way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay: 10 Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. The waves beside them danced; but they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee: A poet could not but be gay, In such a jocund company: I gazed--and gazed--but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought: For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, 20 They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude; And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils. 1804.

5. Dramatic monologue(戲劇性獨白), also known as a persona poem, is a type of poetry written in the form of a speech of an individual character.

6. liquid paper: is a brand of the Newell Rubbermaid company that sells correction fluid, correction pen and correction tape. Mainly used to correct typewriting in the past, correction products now mostly cover handwriting mistakes.

7. "Dover Beach" is a short lyric poem by the English poet Matthew Arnold.

8. Carpe diem is a Latin aphorism usually translated to "seize the day", taken from a poem in the Odes.

9. Enclosed please find the attached file for your reference.

1. Terza rima utilizes three-line stanzas, which combine iambic meter with a propulsive rhyme scheme.Within each stanza, the first and third lines rhyme, the middle line having a different end sound; the end sound of this middle line then rhymes with the first and third lines of the next stanza. The rhyme scheme thus runsaba bcb cdc ded efe, and so forth. 

2. Dactyl: a dactyl is a long syllable followed by two short syllables, as determined by syllable weight. In accentual verse, often used in English, it is a stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables—the opposite is the anapaest(two unstressed followed by a stressed syllable).

3. A sonnet is a poetic form. By the thirteenth century it signified a poem of fourteen lines that follows a strict rhyme scheme and specific structure.

4. 

BY HOWARD NEMEROV

The house is so quiet now

The vacuum cleaner sulks in the corner closet,   

Its bag limp as a stopped lung, its mouth   

Grinning into the floor, maybe at my

Slovenly life, my dog-dead youth.

I’ve lived this way long enough,

But when my old woman died her soul

Went into that vacuum cleaner, and I can’t bear   

To see the bag swell like a belly, eating the dust   

And the woolen mice, and begin to howl

Because there is old filth everywhere

She used to crawl, in the corner and under the stair.   

I know now how life is cheap as dirt,   

And still the hungry, angry heart   

Hangs on and howls, biting at air.

 

5. spondee(詩句的揚揚格): In poetry, a spondee is a metrical foot consisting of two long syllables, as determined by syllable weight in classical meters, or two stressed syllables, as determined by stress in modern meters.

6. Personification is a figure of speech where human qualities are given to animals, objects or ideas.

 

7.  Love at first sight is an experience and a common trope in literature in which a person, character, or speaker feels an instant, extreme, and ultimately long-lasting romantic attraction for a stranger on the first sight of them. 

 

 

 

 

8. 

somewhere i have never travelled,gladly beyond

E. E. Cummings, 1894 - 1962

somewhere i have never travelled,gladly beyond
any experience,your eyes have their silence:
in your most frail gesture are things which enclose me,
or which i cannot touch because they are too near

your slightest look easily will unclose me
though i have closed myself as fingers,
you open always petal by petal myself as Spring opens
(touching skilfully,mysteriously)her first rose

or if your wish be to close me,i and
my life will shut very beautifully,suddenly,
as when the heart of this flower imagines
the snow carefully everywhere descending;

nothing which we are to perceive in this world equals
the power of your intense fragility:whose texture
compels me with the colour of its countries,
rendering death and forever with each breathing

(i do not know what it is about you that closes
and opens;only something in me understands
the voice of your eyes is deeper than all roses)
nobody,not even the rain,has such small hands

9.At his lips' touch she blossomed for him like a flower.

10. come out of the closet: to tell people that you are homosexual.

    e.g. The more they come out of the closet, the easier targets gay people become. 

11. brevity: Shortness of duration; briefness of time; as, the brevity of human life; Contraction into few words; conciseness.

      e.g. This argument is stated by St. John with his usual elegant brevity and simplicity. Bp. Porteus.

12. circumstance(情況,形勢,環境): An event; a fact; a particular incident; That which attends, or relates to, or in some way affects, a fact or event; an attendant thing or state of things.

   e.g. The sculptor had in his thoughts the conqueror weeping for new worlds, or the like circumstances in history.          

13. didacticism(教訓主義,啟蒙主義): communication that is suitable for or intended to be instructive

     e.g. The didacticism of the 19th century gave birth to many great museums. 

     

 

1.  W. H. Auden

Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone,
Prevent the dog from barking with a juicy bone,
Silence the pianos and with muffled drum
Bring out the coffin, let the mourners come. 

Let aeroplanes circle moaning overhead
Scribbling on the sky the message He Is Dead,
Put crepe bows round the white necks of the public doves,
Let the traffic policemen wear black cotton gloves. 

He was my North, my South, my East and West,
My working week and my Sunday rest,
My noon, my midnight, my talk, my song;
I thought that love would last for ever: I was wrong.

The stars are not wanted now: put out every one;
Pack up the moon and dismantle the sun;
Pour away the ocean and sweep up the wood.
For nothing now can ever come to any good.

2.  response paper

    (1) Read and Respond: In a response paper, you do assess the item you’ve been assigned to observe, but you add your personal reaction and impressions to the report.

    (2) The First Paragraph: Once you have established an outline for your paper, you'll need to craft an essay using the basic elements of every strong essay, including a strong introductory sentence

    (3) Stating Your Opinion: There's no need to feel shy about expressing your own opinion in a position paper, even though it may seem strange to write "I feel" or "I believe" in an essay. The instructor is actually looking for this.

    (4) Sample Statements: A response paper could address any type of work, from a piece of art or a film to a book. When writing a response paper, you can include statements like the following:

• I felt that
• In my opinion
• The reader can conclude that
• The author seems to
• I did not like
• The images seemed to
• The author was [was not] successful in making me feel
• I was especially moved by
• I didn't get the connection between
• It was clear that the artist was trying to
• The sound track seemed too
• My favorite part was...because

3. works cited

 4. paraphrase: rewording for the purpose of clarification,express the same message in different words

     e.g. Of course, they could also be paraphrased by " for a planet worthy of living on"

 5. ambiguously: in an ambiguous manner

     e.g. The sentence is so ambiguously worded that it admits of two interpretations

 6. look forward to: expect, be eager for, anticipate

     e.g. I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon

7. paternity: The relation of a father to his child; fathership

     e.g. The identification in paternity of assistant reproduced children

8. maternity: The state of being a mother; motherhood

     e.g. Women workers are entitled to maternity leave with full pay.

9. opponent: One who opposes in a disputation, argument, or other verbal controversy; specifically, one who attacks some thesis or proposition, in distinction from the respondent,

    e.g. He defeated his opponents in this election.

10. mourner:  One who mourns or is grieved at any misfortune

    e.g. The detective posed as a mourner at the vicitim's funeral.

 midterm

1. Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?(sonnet 18)

By William Shakepeare

2. 名字真義為何? 玫瑰不叫玫瑰，亦無損其芳香。 ~ 莎士比亞（What's in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet. ~ William Shakespeare）

Juliet:

'Tis but thy name that is my enemy;
Thou art thyself, though not a Montague.
What's Montague? it is nor hand, nor foot,
Nor arm, nor face, nor any other part
Belonging to a man. O, be some other name!
What's in a name? that which we call a rose
By any other name would smell as sweet;
So Romeo would, were he not Romeo call'd,
Retain that dear perfection which he owes
Without that title. Romeo, doff thy name,
And for that name which is no part of thee
Take all myself.

3. A Midsummer Night's Dream is a comedy play by William Shakespeare.  It portrays the events surrounding the marriage of the Duke of Athens, Theseus, and Hippolyta. These include the adventures of four young Athenian lovers and a group of six amateur actors , who are controlled and manipulated by the fairies who inhabit the forest in which most of the play is set. 

4. conflict and competition=Roman Fever(is a short story by American writer Edith Wharton.)

5. Is that right?= really?

6. "A Rose for Emily" is a short story by William Faulkner. The story takes place in Faulkner's fictional city, Jefferson, Mississippi, in the fictional county of Yoknapatawpha(a stream) Country. 

7. sultry: sexually exciting or gratifying; characterized by oppressive heat and humidity

    e.g. She is a sultry beauty. (sexually exciting or gratifying)

           Before this thundershower,the heat was oppressive,the atmosphere was sultry,and there was not a breath of air. (characterized by oppressive heat and humidity)

8. flunkey: a male servant (especially a footman); a person of unquestioning obedience

    e.g. That flunkey was in his master's good graces.

9. pillar:  a tall upright round post used as a support for a roof; an important member and active support

    e.g. The robber tied him to a pillar.

1. The last line of The Great Gastby. The preceding paragraph is:

Gastby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but that's no matter --tommorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther. ... And one fine morning ---- So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.

2. William Cuthbert Faulkner: Faulkner wrote novels, short stories, a play, poetry, essays and screenplays. Faulkner is one of the most celebrated writers in American literature generally and Southern literature specifically. 

3. The Book of Exodus(出埃及記) is the second book of the Hebrew Torah and the Christian Bible, describing The Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt.

4.  The word  Negro  is used in the English-speaking world to refer to a person of black  ancestry or appearance, and it's unpolite to say this word.

5. Jackie Evancho: Danny Boy

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8s_jleJFR_M

6. Easter is a festival and holiday celebrating the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, described in the New Testament as having occurred on the third day of his burial after his crucifixon a forty-day period of fasting, prayer, and penance.

7. passover is an important, biblically derived Jewish festival. The Jewish people celebrate Passover as a commemoration of their liberation by God from slavery in Egypt and their freedom as a nation under the leadership of Moses.

8. A peripheral is a "device that is used to put information into or get information out of the computer."

9. A periscope is an instrument for observation over, around or through an object, obstacle or condition that prevents direct line-of-sight observation from an observer's current position.

10. A telescope is an instrument that aids in the observation of remote objects by collecting electromagnetic radiation (such as visible light). 

11. binoculars are a pair of identical or mirror-symmetrical telescopes mounted side-by-side and aligned to point accurately in the same direction, allowing the viewer to use both eyes (binocular vision ) when viewing distant objects. 

12. Crucifixion is a form of slow and painful execution in which the victim is tied or nailed to a large wooden cross and left to hang until dead.It is principally known from antiquity, but remains in occasional use in some countries.

13. Hyperbole is the use of exaggeration as a rhetorical device or figure of speech. It may be used to evoke strong feelings or to create a strong impression, but is not meant to be taken literally.

14. Spring break is a vacational period in early spring at universities and schools in various countries in the world.

15. assets-liabilities=equity

1. mimesis: is a critical and philosophical term that carries a wide range of meanings, which include imitation, representation, mimicry, receptivity, nonsensuous similarity, the act of resembling, the act of expression, and the presentation of the self.

2.  Ode on a Grecian Urn

http://www.bartleby.com/101/625.html

 3. Bartleby, the Scrivener is a short story by the American writer Herman Melville.

4. Didacticism is a philosophy that emphasizes instructional and informative qualities in literature and other types of art. The term has its origin in the Ancient Greek word διδακτικός (didaktikos), "related to education and teaching", and signified learning in a fascinating and intriguing manner.

5. 

6. Pride and Prejudice is a novel of manners by Jane Austen. The story follows the main character, Elizabeth Bennet, as she deals with issues of manners, upbringing, morality, education, and marriage in the society of the landed gentry of the British Regency .

7. Project Gutenberg (PG) is a volunteer effort to digitize and archive cultural works, to "encourage the creation and distribution of ebooks". It is the oldest digital library. Most of the items in its collection are the full texts of public domain books. The project tries to make these as free as possible, in long-lasting, open formats that can be used on almost any computer. 

8. Easter, also called Paschr, or Resurrection Sunday, is a festival and holiday celebrating the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead.

9. assets-liabilities=equity

10. irony

    Verbal irony--what's said is not what's meant.

    Situational irony--what happens is the opposite of what's expected or desired.

    dramatic irony--readers know things that characters do not. We're "in the know."

    cosmic irony--bad things happen to good people

11. exemplary:worthy of imitation

    e.g. He demanded exemplary sentences for those behind the violence.

12. irreproachable: free of guilt; not subject to blame

    e.g. It emerged that her past behaviour was far from irreproachable.

13. asperity: something hard to endure

    e.g. He spoke to the boy with asperity.

14. high profile: a position attracting much attention and publicity

    e.g.  Football is a high profile business.

1. "The lady with the dog" is a short story by Anton Chekhov,It tells the story of an adulterous affair between a Russian banker and a young lady he meets while vacationing in Yalta.

2. Setting: In works of narrative (especially fictional), the literary element setting includes the historical moment in the time and geographic location in which a story takes place, and helps initiate the main backdrop and mood for a story. 

3. A short guide to writing about literature.

4. Charles Dickens was an English writer and social critic. He created some of the world's best-known fictional characters and is regarded as the greatest novelist of the Victoria era.

5. A Tale of Two Cities: is a novel by Charles Dickens. The novel depicts the plight of the French peasantry demoralised by the French aristocracy in the years leading up to the revolution, the corresponding brutality demonstrated by the revolutionaries toward the former aristocrats in the early years of the revolution, and many unflattering social parallels with life in London during the same period.

6. Western Canon Bloom(西方正典): it is a book by Harold Bloom on Western literature. Bloom defends the concept of the Western canon by focusing on 26 writers whom he sees as central to the canon:

7. contemporary: characteristic of the present, belonging to the present time, occurring in the same period of time

    e.g. This play is the image of contemporary urban life.

8. platation: garden consisting of a small cultivated wood without undergrowth

    e.g. He once owned a cotton plantation.

9. spectacular: a lavishly produced performance

    e.g. There isa spectacular waterfall.

10. magnificent: characterized by grandeur

    e.g. This is the most magnificent bridge in existence.