kiwiguo的部落格

 NEW KNOWLEDGES

   1.foreshadowing埋伏筆

      e.g. Writers use foreshadowing to create interest and to build suspense.

   2.flashback

      e.g.  There is even a flashback to the murder itself.

   3.invocation(to call on,prayer,invoke)

      e.g. Please stand and pledge the flag, after which Dr. Jerome Taylor will give the invocation.

   4.epic poetry(Homer's Iliad & Odyssey)

   5.Odyssey=a wondering hero, one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer.

6.gadfly牛虻

      e.g. One guy said he'd like to be a gadfly, like Socrates.

   7.Prometheus-the Titans,Prometheus bound)

   8.行星:Mercury,Venus,Earth,Mars,Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus,Neptune

   9.Hera=>孔雀,Athena=>貓頭鷹

Hera

Athena

  10.fatal woman:A femme fatale is a stock character of a mysterious and seductive woman whose charms ensnare her lovers, often leading them into compromising, dangerous, and deadly situations. She is an archetype of literature and art.  

Additional word or knowledge

    1.acknowledgement =something that you say or do in order to show that you accept that something exists or is true/a statement of thanks for something that someone has done

       e.g. Their replies were no more than grunts of acknowledgement.

    2.library of congress:Knowledge will forever govern ignorance;and a people who mean to be their own governor must arm themselves with the power which knowlegde gives.

    3.bibliographical書目(reference)

       e.g. Full bibliographical information should be enclosed after the main text.

    4.compilation編譯

       e.g. The last track finishes this compilation beautifully.

    5.Miriam

    6.舊約聖經->希伯來文,新約聖經->希臘文

    7.phy=yours

    8.小布希P.178 , Psalm 23第四句,George W. Bush 911

    9.Tiresisa->盲先知:was a blind prophet of Apollo in Thebes, famous for clairvoyance and for being transformed into a woman for seven years.

   10.Oedipus complex 戀母情結(Oedipus):child's desire to have sexual relations with the parent of the opposite sex (i.e. males attracted to their mothers, and females attracted to their fathers)

 plot情節

 Apollo: sends the plague(瘟疫) to the Achaean camp near the beginning of The Iliad because of Chryseis

 Cassandra:princess of Troy,Apollo's priests,because of Apollo's gift so she can prophesy(預先說出)

  week 3=>p.XIX-XXIV,P.3-5,P.181-188,P.189-290(Iliad),p.290-581(Odessey)

 affair(婚外情)=>Ares+Aphrodite(原配Hephaistos)

Homer:He is the aothor of Iliad and Odyssey,  and is revered as the greatst of ancient Greek epic poets.

Achilis同性戀,nature<=>nurture

Homeric epithet:A characteristic of Homer's style is the use of epithets

  1.mono=>1 (autogamy,automony)

     e.g. Autogamy Self - fertilization in plants.

  2.bi=>2 (bigamy)

     e.g. He was sentenced to one year's imprisonment for committing bigamy.

  3.tri=>3 (trigonometry)

     e.g. We may determine the height of a mountain by trigonometry.

  4.qua=>4 (quatrain)

  5.penta=>5 (pentagon)

     e.g. The Pentagon will give preference to companies which do business electronically.

  6.oct=>8 (octopus)

     e.g. He experienced nausea after eating octopus.

  7.nov=>11 (november,renovation)

     e.g. Troops were sent to the islands to restore order last November.

  8.metry,meter:丈量的意思

     e.g. Only a third of these households thought it reasonable to meter water.

  9.mor=>死亡(morgue,mortian,morgage,mortify)

     e.g. Andrew went to the morgue to view Wyrazik's body.

New knowledges

    1.Tetragrammaton=>耶和華

    2.Augustus奧古斯都=>August

    3.Jesus,Jacob,Joseph=>JJ家族

    4.Egyptian hieroglyphics象形文字

    5.Was this the face that launch'd a thousand ships (傾國傾城)and burnt the topless tower of IIium?

    6. Sweet Helen,make me immortal with a kiss. (Christopher Marlowe<<Doctor Faustus>>)

    7. Leda and teh swan=>Helen,Clytemnestra,Castor and Pollux

    8.Achilles' Heel=致命傷

    9.Judgement of Paris:Athena(glory in the war),Aphrodite(most beautiful woman),Hera(wealth)

      Athena

 Aphrodite

 Hera

   羅馬數字

     1=i or I    2=ii or II   4=IV   9=IX   14=XIV    19=XIX   40=XL  49=IL  50=L   99=XCIX  

     100= C  400=CD  500=D  900=CM   1000=M

 1.bureaucracy官僚主義；官僚政治，官僚機構

   e.g. People usually complain about having to deal with too much bureaucracy.

      2.theocracy神權政治

   e.g. Taking a stand as a theologian and spokesman of theocracy, Thomas Aquinas argued on some important socioeconomic issues.

      3.democracy民主政治；民主政體，民主制度；民主主義；民主精神

   e.g. He said parliament and the process of democracy had been debased.

      4.homicide殺人(行為)，殺人罪

   e.g. Homicide is the leading cause of death among black men.

      5.insecticide殺蟲劑

   e.g. Thanks to a new EU directive, insecticide labelling will be more specific.

      6.commit suicide自殺/commit crime犯罪

   e.g. There are unconfirmed reports he tried to commit suicide.

      7.pyre火葬

  e.g. The glow of a funeral pyre slowly dies by the silent river.

      8.Pygmalion effect皮格馬利翁效應(期待效應)

      9.bicentenial man

     10.Neptune(羅馬)=Poseidon(希臘)海神

   e.g. Neptune is the furthest planet from the sun.

     11.patron god/godess守護神

   e.g.  I forever all am your patron god.

     12.Pluto【羅馬神話】冥王；陰間之神。 (the Pluto)【天文學】冥王星。

   e.g. The space telescope has taken the clearest pictures ever of Pluto.

     13.pomegrantes紅石榴

     14.homeric epithet=>use adjective to indicate the character(ex. the swift-footed Achilles)

1.Gondola: is a traditional, flat-bottomed Venetian rowing boat, well suited to the conditions of the Venetian lagoon. The gondola is propelled like punting, except an oar is used instead of a pole.

2.Church service: is a formalized period of communal worship, often but not exclusively occurring on Sunday;church service is the gathering together of Christians to be taught the 'Word of God' (the Christian Bible) and encouraged in their faith.

3.Female Prayer Room Sign

4.Raven:A raven is one of several larger-bodied members of the genus Corvus. Most have black plumage and large beaks but their plumage can differ slightly in some species. In Europe and North America the word "raven" normally refers to the Common raven.

5.威尼斯:義大利東北部著名的旅遊與工業城市，也是威尼托地區的首府別名「亞得里亞海的女王」、「水之都」、「面具之城」、「橋之城」、「漂浮之都」、「運河之城」、及「光之城」，Luigi Barzini曾在紐約時報形容它「無疑是最美麗的人造都市」，時代線上也稱讚威尼斯是歐洲最浪漫的城市之一。

6.Vatican City: a walled enclave within the city of Rome, is the smallest internationally recognized independent state in the world by both area and population.It is an ecclesiastical or sacerdotal-monarchical state ruled by the Bishop of Rome—the Pope. The highest state functionaries are all Catholic clergy of various national origins.

7.雙峰塔(Petronas Twin Towers):別稱佩重納斯大廈、國家石油大廈、國油雙塔及雙子塔等，是兩棟位於馬來西亞吉隆坡市中心的摩天大樓，是世界第五高的大樓

8.Sundial:is a device that tells the time of day by the position of the Sun. In common designs such as the horizontal sundial, the sun casts a shadow from its style onto a surface marked with lines indicating the hours of the day.

1.I'll ride with you(BBC-Sydney cafe:Australians say to Muslims:"I'll ride with you.")

http://www.thenewslens.com/post/103483/

2.O Come All Ye Faithful by Chris Tomlin

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-JSF9Uz20PY

3.Am I My Brother's Keeper

4.Samson Agonistes:is a tragic closet drama by John Milton. Samson Agonistes was begun around the same time as Paradise Regained but was completed after the larger work, possibly very close to the date of publishing, but there is no agreement on this.

5.Paradise Lost:is an epic poem in blank verse by  English poet John Milton.The poem concerns the Biblical story of the Fall of Man: the temptation of Adam and Eve by the fallen angel Satan and their expulsion from the Garden of Eden. Milton's purpose, stated in Book I, is to "justify the ways of God to men".

6.Jesus is knocking on the door of your heart

7.Sistine Chapel:is a large and renowned chapel in the official residence of the Pope in the Vatican City.  The chapel has served as a place of both religious and functionary papal activity.

8.Pietà (Michelangelo): is a world-famous work of Renaissance sculpture by Michelangelo Buonarroti. It is the first of a number of works of the same theme by the artist. 

9.Parable: It differs from a fable in that fables employ unrealistic examples like talking animals, plants, and forces of nature as characters, whereas parables use realistic and possible examples with human characters. A parable is a type of analogy.

1.Medea:In Euripides's play Medea, Jason leaves Medea when Creon, king of Corinth, offers him his daughter, Glauce. The play tells of Medea avenging her husband's betrayal by slaying their children.

2. plot

3.Hubris:one of the tragic flaw.means extreme pride or self-confidence. When it offends the Gods of ancient Greece, it is usually punished.  Hubris often indicates a loss of contact with reality and an overestimation of one's own competence, accomplishments or capabilities, especially when the person exhibiting it is in a position of power.

4.Catharsis: meaning "purification" or "cleansing, is the purification and purgation of emotions—especially pity and fear—through art or any extreme change in emotion that results in renewal and restoration. It is a metaphor originally used by Aristotle in the Poetics to describe the effects of tragedy on the spectator.

5.Setting (narrative):place & time.In works of narrative, the literary element setting includes the historical moment in time and geographic location in which a story takes place, and helps initiate the main backdrop and mood for a story.

6.Tragedy:  based on human suffering that invokes in its audience an accompanying catharsis or pleasure in the viewing. The term tragedy often refers to a specific tradition of drama that has played a unique and important role historically in the self-definition of Western civilization.

7.Tragic hero(Aristotle's tragic hero):Aristotle suggests that a hero of a tragedy must evoke in the audience a sense of pity or fear, the focus of the tragic hero should not be in the loss of his prosperity.

Aristotle contests that the tragic hero has to be a man “who is not eminently good and just, whose misfortune is brought about not by vice or depravity, but by some error or frailty.

8.Three unities(三一律):action,place,time

9.spec-:to look,ex.spectator(觀眾) 

   e.g.  The most popular spectator sport is football.

10.arch:【建築】把…作成拱形；使彎作弓形。用拱連接，用拱覆蓋。ex. architect

   e.g. Today's complex buildings require close teamwork between the architect and the builders.

11.anarchy無政府,無秩序(狀態)；混亂

   e.g. He had been swept aside in the whirlwind of reform and anarchy.

12.fallen angels墮落天使

13.inferno地獄

   e.g.  Rescue workers fought to get to victims inside the inferno.

1.Catholicism:it is to be distinguished from the sense in which it denotes Christians and churches, western and eastern, that are in full communion with the Holy See, and that are commonly called the Catholic Church or Roman Catholic Church.

2.Protestantism:is the form of Christian faith and practice which originated with the Protestant Reformation,a movement against what the Protestants considered to be errors in the Roman Catholic Church.

3.Catholic天主教

4.Protestant新教徒

5.episcopal主教

6.Aristotle:was a Greek philosopher and scientist,his writings cover many subjects – including physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theater, music, rhetoric, linguistics, politics and government.

7.Lysistrata:is a comedy by Aristophanes. It is a comic account of one woman's extraordinary mission to end the Peloponnesian War. Lysistrata persuades the women of Greece to withhold sexual privileges from their husbands and lovers as a means of forcing the men to negotiate peace.

8.Aristophanes:was a comic playwright of ancient Athens.These, together with fragments of some of his other plays, provide the only real examples of a genre of comic drama known as Old Comedy, and they are used to define the genre. 

9.Andy Williams--It's the most wonderful time of a year

"It's The Most Wonderful Time Of The Year"

10.Dramatic irony:This type of irony is the device of giving the spectator an item of information that at least one of the characters in the narrative is unaware of (at least consciously), thus placing the spectator a step ahead of at least one of the characters.

11.three unity:action,place,time

12.go on strike罷工

   e.g. The workers have threatened to withdraw their labour , ie go on strike.

13.the most important:plot;the least important:spectacle

14.violence的場景不會在舞台上展現出來

15.ad-:toward, come near (advent,adventage,advertisment)

   e.g. We should take good adventage of TV to learn about the world.

16.Marshmallow棉花糖

   e.g. Hispanic kids, two out of three ate the marshmallow.

1.Euripides: was one of the three great tragedians of classical Athens, the other two being Aeschylus and Sophocles.

2.lament哀歎,痛惜,哀歌，輓歌，悼詞

   e.g. The children lament the death of their mother.

3.Hyperion:In Greek mythology, Hyperionwas one of the twelve Titan children of Gaia (Earth) and Uranus (Sky or Heaven) who, led by Cronus, overthrew Uranus and were themselves later overthrown by the Olympians. With his sister, the Titaness Theia, Hyperion fathered Helios (Sun), Selene (Moon) and Eos (Dawn).

4.protagonist(戲劇的)主角；(小說的)主人翁。領導者，首唱者，首創者。

   e.g. She was herself a vehement protagonist of sexual equality.

5.in favor of傾向于

   e.g. All in favor of this proposition will please say " Aye ".

6.proliferation擴散,【生物學】分芽繁殖，細胞分裂繁殖；增殖；增生；多育

   e.g. The declaration deals with disarmament and the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons.

7.opposite相反的事物[人]；反語；對立面；(口語)對面的人

   e.g. The argument contained herein takes exactly the opposite point of view.

8.proponent提議者；主張者。支持者；辯護者。

   e.g. Halsey was identified as a leading proponent of the values of progressive education.

9.opponent對立的，對抗的，反對的,反對者，對手，敵手

   e.g. Young and old saw in him an implacable opponent of apartheid.

10.prosperity興隆，繁榮，旺盛

   e.g. Prosperity and economic success remain popular and broadly shared goals.

1.希臘三大悲劇大師:

歐里庇得斯(Euripides)很多以探討女性心理為主題的作品，其現存的作品中有十二部就是以女性為主角的，而其中最成功的一部就是《美狄亞》，歐里庇得斯的悲劇不再圍繞著舊式的英雄主題，而是取材自日常生活，劇中出現了平民、奴隸、農民等人物形象，而劇中所採用的語言也平民化了，很通俗易懂，但這顯然大大違背了希臘傳統的審美觀，當然也不合當局者的口味，因此，伴隨著歐里庇得斯的作品的常常是質疑和責難。

埃斯庫羅斯: 「悲劇之父」,傳說他是被一隻從天空上掉下來的烏龜砸死的,他被葬在傑拉，他的墓碑上寫著：碑下安睡著雅典人埃斯庫羅斯，歐福里翁之子，在豐饒的傑拉死亡戰勝了他。但馬拉松的戰場可以證明他的勇敢，連長髮的米底人也得承認。他是第一個在希臘話劇中引入第二個演員的劇作家，通過對話的形式他革命了希臘話劇。他的語言、風格和使用的希臘神話中的故事也深深地影響了後人。他的人物都不是普通人，他們的感情、特性以及他們有力、簡短、高雅和生動的語言都超於一般人之上。作品有：《被縛的普羅米修斯》（Prometheus Bound）,《阿伽門農》（Agamemnon),《歐墨尼得斯》或稱《復仇女神》（Eumenides）

 索福克勒斯(Sophocles):他一生共寫過123個劇本，如今只有七部完整的流傳下來，其中以《伊底帕斯王》最為出名。索福克勒斯的悲劇被稱為「命運悲劇」，他的很多劇作的主題都可以簡單概括為個人意志與命運的衝突。例如在他最著名的劇本《伊底帕斯王》中，俄底浦斯竭力逃避殺父娶母的命運，卻只能以失敗告終。俄底浦斯是一個誠實、聰明的國王，有堅強的意志和對神明的虔敬，他真誠的想為城邦消弭災禍，卻導致自己的毀滅。在索福克勒斯的悲劇里，命運的力量是巨大的、不可抗拒，也是神秘的、不可解釋的。

2.Chorus祈天求雨歌舞團=>drama戲劇

3.goddess of justice:正義女神 （Justitia，古羅馬代表公平正義的女神）是作為法律基礎的公正道德的象徵。文藝復興以來Justitia（正義女神）通常被描述為一名裸露胸膛的婦女，手持劍與天平，有時戴有眼罩。現今經常出現於法院的其肖像是由代表正義的古希臘機緣女神堤喀（Tyche）及古羅馬命運女神福爾圖娜（Fortuna）的形象混合而成。

• 天秤

公正的審判

• 劍

懲奸除惡的制裁之力

• 眼罩

無視被告的容貌、權力、身份、家世、地位

4.Socrates蘇格拉底:古希臘哲學家，和其學生柏拉圖及柏拉圖的學生亞里士多德被並稱為希臘三哲人。他被認為是西方哲學的奠基者。沒有留下著作，其思想和生平記述於後來的學者——主要是他的學生柏拉圖——和同時代的劇作家阿里斯托芬的劇作中。

5.write down fact and conclusion

new words

1.recap翻新（轮胎）的胎面,扼要重述，概括

   e.g. Can you recap the points included in the regional conference proposal?

2.exile流亡,放逐

   e.g. He was vilified, hounded, and forced into exile by the FBI.

3.decapitation砍頭(de=>down,away from)

   e.g. The penalty for masturbation in Indonesia is decapitation.

4.herdsman牧人；牧民；牧者；牧工

   e.g. Lush grasslands beckoned the herdsman.

5.conceal遮蓋,(遮瑕膏)

   e.g. Frances decided to conceal the machine behind a hinged panel.

6.forecast预测；预报；预告；预见

   e.g. The weather forecast is for showers and overcast skies.

NEW KNOWLEDGE

1.Alexander the Great 亞歷山大大帝:was a King  of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. He had created one of the largest empires of the ancient world, stretching from Greece to Egypt and into northwest ancient India.

2.de=>down,away from(ex.detach-撕掉)

   e.g. It helps them detach themselves from their problems and become more objective.

3.dramatic irony:in literature, a plot device in which the audience’s or reader’s knowledge of events or individuals surpasses that of the characters. The words and actions of the characters therefore take on a different meaning for the audience or reader than they have for the play’s characters.

4.stumble=跌倒

   e.g. As he drew abreast of the man he pretended to stumble.

5.fatal attraction,fatal woman/femme fatale(Salome)=>stock character固定角色

    Salome

6.fate(無法選擇的命運)v.s.destiny(可選擇的命運)

7.enchantress=女巫

   e.g. A foul enchantress turned me into a frog.

8.Oedipus complex戀母情結:a child's desire to have sexual relations with the parent of the opposite sex (i.e. males attracted to their mothers, and females attracted to their fathers).

9.Thespis:father of tragedy,was the first person ever to appear on stage as an actor playing a character in a play,he is said to have introduced the first principal actor in addition to the chorus.

10.tragic flaw:a literary term that refers to a personality trait of a main character that leads to his or her downfall, a character with a tragic flaw is in need of some kind of attitude adjustment.  In this kind of story, the main character is sometimes also called the tragic hero.

11.hubris=pride,show me some hubris

   e.g. There is no safety in unlimited technological hubris.

12.tragic hero:Some examples of classic tragic heroes are Hamlet and Captain Ahab. Both of these guys had to deal with tough decisions and strange twists of fate, and they end up dead by the end of the story.

1.Poseidon海神波賽頓,海神廟,三叉戟

2.Apollo阿波羅,理性的,pythia蟒蛇節,healing,sport

3.Zeus(Jupiter)=ruler of gods,almishta

4.Dionysus:God of the Grape Harvest, Winemaking, Wine, Ritual Madness, Religious Ecstasy, Fertility and Theatre.

5.oracle - ‎神諭:In Classical Antiquity, an oracle was a person or agency considered to interface wise counsel or prophetic predictions or precognition of the future, inspired by the gods. As such it is a form of divination.

6.hex字首=>Hexa– is a prefix from the Greek word for 'six',e.g. in hexagon, a polygon with six corners.

   e.g. The church tower likes a huge hexagon.

7.Achilles:the son of Peleus,Achilles' heel(deadly weakness,which can actually or probably lead to down fall)

8.Polyphemus獨眼巨人:is the giant son of Poseidon and Thoosa in Greek mythology, one of the Cyclopes described in Odyssey. His name means "abounding in songs and legends".Polyphemus first appears as a savage man-eating giant in the ninth book of Homer's Odyssey.

9.Telemachus:the son of Odysseus and Penelope, and a central character in Homer's Odyssey. The first four books of the Odyssey focus on Telemachus' journeys in search of news about his father, who has yet to return home from the Trojan War, and are traditionally given the title the Telemachy.

10.Aegisthus:was the son of Thyestes and of Thyestes' daughter, Pelopia.Clytemnestra 与之私通,和他一起谋杀其夫 Agamemnon 后又被Orestes(Agamemnon's son) 所杀

 1.bureaucracy官僚主義；官僚政治，官僚機構

   e.g. People usually complain about having to deal with too much bureaucracy.

      2.theocracy神權政治

   e.g. Taking a stand as a theologian and spokesman of theocracy, Thomas Aquinas argued on some important socioeconomic issues.

      3.democracy民主政治；民主政體，民主制度；民主主義；民主精神

   e.g. He said parliament and the process of democracy had been debased.

      4.homicide殺人(行為)，殺人罪

   e.g. Homicide is the leading cause of death among black men.

      5.insecticide殺蟲劑

   e.g. Thanks to a new EU directive, insecticide labelling will be more specific.

      6.commit suicide自殺/commit crime犯罪

   e.g. There are unconfirmed reports he tried to commit suicide.

      7.pyre火葬

  e.g. The glow of a funeral pyre slowly dies by the silent river.

      8.Pygmalion effect皮格馬利翁效應(期待效應)

      9.bicentenial man

     10.Neptune(羅馬)=Poseidon(希臘)海神

   e.g. Neptune is the furthest planet from the sun.

     11.patron god/godess守護神

   e.g.  I forever all am your patron god.

     12.Pluto【羅馬神話】冥王；陰間之神。 (the Pluto)【天文學】冥王星。

   e.g. The space telescope has taken the clearest pictures ever of Pluto.

     13.pomegrantes紅石榴

     14.homeric epithet=>use adjective to indicate the character(ex. the swift-footed Achilles)

New Things

     XIX-XXIV 3-25,181-188(Homer),189-290(Iliad),290-381(Odyssey)

     Ulysses(不考)

     motif母題

     三一律:time,place,plot(事情發生於一個太陽日

     hierarchies層次結構

     Catholic舊教徒,Protestant新教徒(抗議教派

     Inferno地獄,Purgatorio煉獄,Paradiso=paradise,Limbo介於地獄和煉獄之間的模糊地帶

     hubris希臘文=pride

     Paradise Lost-失樂園(亞當 夏娃)

     genre類型=literature type

     rival=競爭對手

     monotheism一神教

 NEW KNOWLEDGES

   1.foreshadowing埋伏筆

      e.g. Writers use foreshadowing to create interest and to build suspense.

   2.flashback

      e.g. At this point the writer puts in [ inserts ] a flashback.

   3.invocation(to call on,prayer,invoke)

      e.g. Please stand and pledge the flag, after which Dr. Jerome Taylor will give the invocation.

   4.epic poetry(Homer's Iliad & Odyssey)

   5.Odyssey=a wondering hero

   6.gadfly牛虻

      e.g. One guy said he'd like to be a gadfly, like Socrates.

   7.Prometheus-the Titans,Prometheus bound)

   8.行星:Mercury,Venus,Earth,Mars,Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus,Neptune

   9.Hera=>孔雀,Athena=>貓頭鷹

  10.fatal woman

  11.主題

Additional word or knowledge

    1.acknowledgement =something that you say or do in order to show that you accept that something exists or is true/a statement of thanks for something that someone has done

      e.g. Their replies were no more than grunts of acknowledgement.

    2.library of congress:Knowledge will forever govern ignorance;and a people who mean to be their own governor must arm themselves with the power which knowlegde gives.

    3.bibliographical書目(reference)

    4.compilation編譯

    5.Miriam

    6.舊約聖經->希伯來文,新約聖經->希臘文

    7.phy=yours

    8.小布希P.178 , Psalm 23第四句,George W. Bush 911

    9.Tiresias->盲先知: was a blind prophet of Apollo in Thebes, famous for clairvoyance and for being transformed into a woman for seven years.

   10.Oedipus complex 戀母情結(Oedipus): child's desire to have sexual relations with the parent of the opposite sex (i.e. males attracted to their mothers, and females attracted to their fathers).

 plot情節

 Apollo: sends the plague(瘟疫) to the Achaean camp near the beginning of The Iliad because of Chryseis

 Cassandra:princess of Troy,Apollo's priests,because of Apollo's gift so she can prophesy(預先說出)

  week 3=>p.XIX-XXIV,P.3-5,P.181-188,P.189-290(Iliad),p.290-581(Odessey)

 affair(婚外情)=>Ares+Aphrodite(原配Hephaistos)

       e.g. He will now face a disciplinary hearing for having an affair.

Homer:He is the aothor of Iliad and Odyssey,  and is revered as the greatst of ancient Greek epic poets.

Achilles同性戀,nature<=>nurture

Homeric epithet:A characteristic of Homer's style is the use of epithets

1.mono=>1 (autogamy,automony)

2.bi=>2 (bigamy)

   e.g. He was sentenced to one year's imprisonment for committing bigamy.

3.tri=>3 (trigonometry)

   e.g. We may determine the height of a mountain by trigonometry.

4.qua=>4 (quatrain)

5.penta=>5 (pentagon)

   e.g. The Pentagon will give preference to companies which do business electronically.

6.oct=>8 (octopus)

   e.g. He experienced nausea after eating octopus.

7.nov=>11 (november,renovation)

   e.g. Troops were sent to the islands to restore order last November.

8.metry,meter:丈量的意思

   e.g. Only a third of these households thought it reasonable to meter water.

9.mor=>死亡(morgue,mortian,morgage,mortify)

   e.g. I have often seen drowned men laid out at the morgue.

New knowledges

    1.Tetragrammaton=>耶和華

    2.Augustus奧古斯都=>August: was the founder of the Roman Empire and its first Emperor

    3.Jesus,Jacob,Joseph=>JJ家族

    4.Egyptian hieroglyphics象形文字

    5.Was this the face that launch'd a thousand ships (傾國傾城)and burnt the topless tower of IIium?

    6. Sweet Helen,make me immortal with a kiss. (Christopher Marlowe<<Doctor Faustus>>)

    7. Leda and teh swan=>Helen,Clytemnestra,Castor and Pollux

    8.Achilles' Heel=致命傷

    9.Judgement of Paris:Athena(glory in the war),Aphrodite(most beautiful woman),Hera(wealth)

      Athena

 Aphrodite

 Hera

   羅馬數字

     1=i or I    2=ii or II   4=IV   9=IX   14=XIV    19=XIX   40=XL  49=IL  50=L   99=XCIX  

     100= C  400=CD  500=D  900=CM   1000=M

課程大綱:

• 上課千萬不能蹺課or遲到(會錯過小考
• text book:The Norton Anthology of Western Literature
• ID(解釋名詞是什麼意思,幹什麼用,舉出例子,上課說過的經典名句)
• The Immortal希臘神話眾神挖空小考(10題)

介紹文體

• Epic poetry史詩
• Narrative poetry敘事詩
• Lyric poetry抒情詩(Sappho of Lesbos,Lyric歌詞,Lyre七弦琴)

課程內容(新知識)

• A man of literature or a man of letters=a man of wide reading,imagination.
• What is literature?(beautiful,intellectual,emotional,artistical,imagination)
• Why we have to learn literature?(psychological,spiritual,humanity)
• Analytical approach:plot,character,setting,point of view(omniscient全知觀點),etc.
• Thematic Approach:"What is the story,the poem,the play or the essay about?" 
• Beowulf,完成於八世紀的英雄敘事長詩,是以古英語記載中最古老的一篇
• di字首=>separate one thing into two things(ex. distinct,different divide divergent)
• e.g. The lighthouse beam was quite distinct in the gathering dusk.